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The East African Railway Master Plan is a proposal for rejuvenating existing railways serving Tanzania, Kenya, Uganda and extending them initially to Rwanda and Burundi and eventually, to South Sudan, Ethiopia and beyond.
In East Africa, this applies to the new standard-gauge railway network and to the old and eventually rehabilitated narrow-gauge railway network. Two methods exist within the East African Railway Master Plan countries for break of gauge handling and passenger transfers.
6. Selected papers were case studies on railway transportation in Africa or African cities. 7. Papers merely discussing the history of Africa's railway without discussing recent projects and operations were excluded. 3.2.
The geographical density of the African railway network is considerably lower than other regions and the world average of 23.1 km/1000 sq. km (African Union, 2014). The highest density is in Southern Africa (5.6 km/1000 sq. km) compared to a range of 1.2 to 2.3 km/1000 sq. km in other regions of the continent (Appendix A2).
Our study reveals 19 research frontiers in ESTs distributed across four knowledge domains: electrochemical energy storage, electrical energy storage, chemical energy storage, and energy storage systems.
In four domains, 19 energy storage technologies have been identified as energy storage research frontiers, including lithium batteries, supercapacitors, and new-generation batteries. Among them, the growing fronts and emerging fronts occur in the domain of electrochemical energy storage and chemical energy storage.
Among them, the research frontiers are distributed in the following four knowledge domains: electrochemical energy storage, electrical energy storage, chemical energy storage, and energy storage systems. Knowledge domain map of energy storage technology research frontiers.
The highly cited energy storage technology literature is used as the basis for revealing the evolution trend of research frontiers. The “highly cited literature” defined in this study refers to the 20 most cited articles in the energy storage field during the period from 2013 to 2022.